How electric cars work？

The working principle of electric vehicles is as follows: Battery—Electric current—Power regulator—Electric motor—Power transmission system—Driving the vehicle. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) refer to vehicles that use onboard power sources to drive the wheels, meeting various requirements of road traffic and safety regulations.

Compared to conventional fuel vehicles, the key differences in pure electric vehicles lie in four major components: the drive motor, speed controller, power battery, and onboard charger. Instead of gas stations, they rely on public fast charging stations. The quality of pure electric vehicles depends on these four major components, and their value is determined by the quality of these components. The application of pure electric vehicles is directly related to the selection and configuration of these four major components.

The speed and acceleration of pure electric vehicles depend on the power and performance of the drive motor, while the range is determined by the capacity of the onboard power battery. The weight of the onboard power battery depends on the type of battery used, such as lead-acid, zinc-carbon, or lithium batteries, each with different characteristics in terms of volume, specific gravity, specific power, specific energy, and cycle life. This depends on the manufacturer's positioning of the vehicle grade, purpose, market definition, and market segmentation.

The drive motor of pure electric vehicles can be divided into DC brushed, brushless, permanent magnet, and electromagnetic motors, as well as AC synchronous motors, with their selection related to overall vehicle configuration, purpose, and grade. Furthermore, the speed control of the drive motor can be either stepped or stepless, using electronic speed controllers or not. There are hub motors, internal rotor motors, single-motor drive, multi-motor drive, and combination motor drive configurations for electric vehicles.